Sphe 315

Advanced Training Methods Casey Cousins SPHE 315 Professor Moore American Military University September 2, 2012 I am going to describe in detail that compares and contrasts various muscle building approaches. In weight training there are numerous approaches you can take away, in learning how to build muscle perfecting that physique you so badly want. The four different training methods I will compare and contrast today will be, Super Sets, Forced Reps, Pyramid System, and Periodization.Each advanced training method improves your overall fitness goal one way or the other. First we will talk about the super set training method and how it impacts the body when it comes to training. According to http://www. livestrong. com/article/143669-superset-workout-programs/#ixzz25MwKZX7s A superset is an advanced weight training technique or intensity technique. Intensity is an important factor for continued progress and results. Advanced training techniques such as supersets take your workout to a higher level without adding more volume.A superset is two to three exercise sets performed immediately after the other with as little rest as possible in between. Incorporate supersets into your workouts and pump some new energy into your routine. An antagonist superset is performing two exercises back to back for opposing muscle groups. An antagonist muscle moves the joint in the opposite manner of the agonist muscle. Examples of opposing muscle groups include quads/hamstrings, chest/back and biceps/triceps. Set up your superset stations prior to starting the workout so you can move from one exercise to the next with no rest.For the chest and back, perform dumbbell chest presses immediately followed by bent over dumbbell rows. Leg extensions superset with leg curls will hit the quads and hamstrings. To finish off the workout, perform barbell curls with skull crushers. This antagonist superset workout hits all the major muscles. (Livestrong) The Superset is an excellent intensity technique not only for fat loss but for muscle building as well. The Superset is a very simple basic concept. You will perform two exercises

Environment Analysis Essay

Organizations analyze the environment in order to understand the external forces so that it could help to develop effective responses to secure or improve their positions in the future. There existed a positive relation between environmental analysis and profits of an organization. Top management looked at information in two ways: viewing and searching information. This information needed to be evaluated and disseminated to strategists within the organization and to help top management to make decisions that could create strategic advantage for the organization to succeed in a changing environment 1. There were research evidences that showed that environmental analysis was linked with improved organizational performance. Hence, it remained insufficient to assure performance, without aligning information with strategy. The main debate in strategy and environment was concerned with the primary importance of the environmental analysis in strategy formulation and implementation. 84 Reserve Bank of India The Reserve Bank of India is fully owned by the Government of India. Initially it was viewed to bring the greater coordination of the monetary, economic, and financial policies. During fifties objectives of Reserve Bank of India underwent changes. It was recognized that Reserve Bank of India needs to take on direct and much more active role, in developing machinery for financial development in order to ensure flow of finance in the country. Reserve Bank emerged as a regulatory and a growth promoting institution. In the beginning limited to the agricultural sector, the Bank later covered small-scale industries as well. The affairs of Reserve Bank of India are governed by the central board of directors. The board is appointed by the Government of India according to the Reserve Bank of India Act. The preface of the Reserve Bank of India describes the basic functions of the Reserve Bank as: â€Å"to regulate the issue of Bank Notes and keeping of reserves with a view to securing monetary stability in India and generally to operate the currency and credit system of the country to its advantage† 2. The Reserve Bank? s freedom may be viewed broadly to the areas like management including personnel matters, financial aspects, and to conduct polices. Managerial freedom refers to the procedures for appointment, term of office and dismissal procedures of top central bank officials and the governing board. It also includes the extent and nature of representation of the Government in the governing body of the central bank. 85 Financial freedom relates to the freedom to decide the extent of Government expenditures directly or indirectly financed by the central bank? s credits. Finally, policy freedom is related to the flexibility given in the formulation and execution of monetary policy, under a given authorization. Reserve Bank of India has over the years been responding to changing economic circumstances. The Reserve Bank of India performs the function of financial supervisor under the guidance of Board for Financial Supervision. This board undertake consolidated supervision of the financial sector comprising of Commercial Banks, Financial Institutions, and Non-Banking Finance Companies. The key functions played by this board were restructuring of the system of Bank, introduction of off-site scrutiny, strengthening the role of legislative auditors, and strengthening the internal defences of supervised institutions. Currently this board focus on supervision of financial institutions and legal issues in Banks. Reserve Bank of India acts as a guard for Commercial Banks. Commercial Banks are required to keep a certain proportion of cash reserves with the Reserve Bank and Bank provide them various facilities like advancing loans, underwriting securities etc. Reserve Bank of India controls the volume of reserves of Commercial Banks and thereby determines the deposits and credit creating ability of the Banks. Whenever Commercial Banks need funds they get it from the Reserve Bank of India. Apart from playing the role of Banker to the Banks, Reserve Bank of India also play promotional role. The aim is to establish and assist the establishments of a number of financial intuitions for filling up of various financial institutional gaps in the rural and semi-urban areas. 86 Other roles played by Reserve Bank of India are: Reserve Bank stabilizes the external value of the national currency. The Reserve Bank keeps gold and foreign currencies and manages foreign currency in accordance with the controls imposed by the government. Reserve Bank of India facilitate external trade and payment and promote orderly development and maintenance of foreign exchange market in India. Reserve Bank has taken the responsibility of meeting directly or indirectly all legitimate demands of Commercial Banks under emergency conditions and to a certain extent Reserve Bank influence the credit policy of Scheduled Banks. The Reserve Bank has instrument of control in the form of the bank rate, which it publishes from time to time 3. A list of the Reserve Bank of India Committees from 1990- 2008 was prepared to get an impression about developments with respect to Banking Industry (Appendix- III). The recommendations resulted into remarkable changes in products and policies of Banking Organizations. Indian Bank’s Association (IBA) Indian Bank? s Association is a leading service organization of Banking Industry in India. It aims to integrate Banking and finance system catering to all financial requirements of customer? s. It was formed in 1946 with 22 members. Today Indian Bank? s Association has more than 159 members comprising of Public Sector Banks, Private Sector Banks, Foreign Banks (having offices in India), and Urban Co-operative Banks. 87 The main objectives of Indian Bank? Association are: promoting and developing sound and progressive Banking principles and practices in order to assist Banks to develop and implement new ideas and innovative Banking services, operations and procedures; organizing co-ordination and co-operation on procedural, legal, technical, administrative or professional problems and practices of Banks ; circulating statistical data, informati on, views and opinions on the Banking System; conducting Management Development Programs for Banks; promoting education and knowledge of the law and practices of Banking Industry; to help in projecting good public image of Banking Industry ; and to promote harmonious relationships by devising ways and means for involving Banking personnel? in the growth and development of Banking Industry. Indian Bank? s Association tries to achieve excellent service quality and customer care through its focused efforts to make each customers experience a pleasant one. Towards this end Indian Bank? s Association stressed on to build staff potential by each Bank to address customer challenges and asked Banks to design a performance management system, which focuses on rewarding the staff for delivering flawless customer service. In 2000, Indian Bank? s Association reviewed the charters of different Banks and brought out a „Model Citizen Charter? explaining to the customer? s what they could expe ct from the Bank? s as a matter of right. Apart from this Indian Bank? s Association brought „bankers fair practices? in 2004 which was adopted by all Banks voluntarily. It also came out with „fair practice code for credit card operation? and „model code for collection of dues and repossession of security? with special concern to customer? s voice about Banking practices 4. 88 Ministry of Finance Ministry of Finance in India governs the entire fiscal system of the Government of India. The three departments headed by the Ministry of Finance in India include: economic affairs, expenditure, and revenue. Thus, it mainly centralizes around the economic and financial issues pertaining in India. Ministry of Finance Government of India, Banking Division is managing Government policies related to the working of Banks and the term lending to financial institutions. This Division is headed by Secretary (Banking and Insurance) and operates through three subdivisions: Industrial Finance; Banking Operations; and Banking and Insurance. Each subdivision is headed by a Joint Secretary. The Banking Operations sub-division deals with legislative proposals described to Banks, non-banking financial companies, and other related matters like appointments of Chief Executives and Government nominee Directors and non-official directors on the boards of Public Sector Banks. In addition policy matters relating to Private Banks, Foreign Banks, and improvement of customer? service in Banks and redressal of customers grievances are also dealt with this Banking Operations sub-division of Ministry of Finance. This sub-division also deals with vigilance matters and appoints Chief Vigilance Officers (C VO? s) in the Public Sector Banks to enable the Public Sector Banks to meet the credit requirements for the productive sectors of the economy in proportion to the economic growth of the country. The Government is committed to infuse capital funds in Public Sector Banks as well 5. 89 Nature of Banking Industry Bank? s safeguard money and valuables and provide loans, credit, and payment services, such as checking accounts, money-orders, and cashier? s checks. Banks also offer investment and insurance products which they were once prohibited. There exists variety of models for cooperation and integration among finance industries some of these traditional distinctions between Banks, Insurance Companies, and Securities Firms has diminished. In spite of these changes, Banks continued to maintain and perform their primary role of accepting deposits and lending funds from these deposits. Banks securely save the money of depositors, provide checking services, and lend the funds raised from depositors to consumers. Bank? s today are in a wide range of sizes, from large Global Banks to Regional and Community Banks. These Global Banks are involved in international lending and foreign currency trading, in addition to the more typical Banking services. Working Environment Employee? in a typical branch work weekdays, whereas in few Banks sometimes Banks were opened until late evenings or were open on Saturday morning? s and in few even on Sundays. Supervisory and managerial employee? s, usually work substantially longer hours. Some B anks are expanding the working hours in their branches which are located at non- 90 traditional locations, such as shopping malls, which remain open on most evenings and weekends. Branch office jobs, particularly front-end positions, required continuous communication with customers. Some employees needed to work for longer hours in a confined space. Loan officers might need to travel to meet clients, or work evenings for their clients. Loan officers also check loan applications, and solicit new business for Banks. Financial Service Sales Representatives might also have to visit clients in the evenings and on weekends to go through the client? s financial needs. To improve customer service and provide greater access to Bank personnel? s, Banks have staffed Customer Service Representatives. The remaining Bank employees, working at the headquarters or other administrative offices usually worked in comfortable surroundings and worked for a standard workweek. In general, Banks are considered relatively safer place to work with respect to injuries and illness. Banks also encourage higher education and training for their employee? as Banks require creative and talented people to compete in the market place so as to reach to more number of customers. The basic premise here is to Study the relevant data and derive some information related to the Strategic Environment pertaining to Indian Banking Industry, which may be used in due course in a broader context if not in specific context. Environmental factors influencing Banking Industry are: 91 Economic Factors Indian economy has registered impressive growth of over 9 percent for successive three financial years and experienced restraint in 2008-09. This restraint was caused due to the downturn in the global economy. The year 2008-09 was the most deficient year after 1972. To fight against this slowdown Government of India and Reserve Bank of India took many fiscal as well as monetary actions. It was expected that Indian economy could again register a robust growth rate in the year 2009-10. As per the revised estimates released by the Central Statistical Organisation (CSO), Indian economy grew by 7. 6 percent in 2008-09 and 9. 3 percent growth in the 2007-08 6. Banks lending to industries, personal loans and service sectors witnessed a slow down while, Banks lending to agriculture and allied activities moved upward during 2008-09. The income as well as the expenditures of Scheduled Commercial Banks viewed a slow down leading to decrease in the net profit. The Return on Assets (ROA) as an indicator of efficiency with which Banks deployed their assets remained to 1 percent in 2009. The Return on Equity (ROE) as an indicator of efficiency with which the Banks used capital increased to 13. 2 percent in 2009 from 12. 5 percent in 2008, indicating increased efficiency with which Banks used capital 7. 92 Growth of income of Scheduled Commercial Banks during 2008-09 decelerated to 25. 7 percent from 34. 3 in 2007-08, but was higher than the growth rate of 24. 4 percent in 200607. Expenditure of Scheduled Commercial Banks was 24. 1 percent in 2006-07, which increased to 33. 9 percent in 2007-08 and again decelerated to 26 percent in 2008-09. The operating profit of Scheduled Commercial Banks increased sharply by 33. percent during 2008-09 from 26. 8 percent in 2007-08 and 21. 3 percent in 2006-07 (Table II. 1). The net profit of Scheduled Commercial Banks also showed a significant increase of 36. 9 percent during 2007-08 as compared to 26. 9 p ercent in 2006-07, but it decelerated to 23. 5 percent during 2008-09(Table II. 1) TABLE II. 1 VARIATION IN INCOME-EXPENDITURE OF SCHEDULED COMMERCIAL BANKS 2006-07 Income Expenses Operating Profit Net Profit 24. 4 24. 1 21. 3 26. 9 2007-08 34. 3 33. 9 26. 8 36. 9 2008-09 25. 7 26. 0 33. 2 23. 5 Source: Reports on Trend and Progress of Banking in India 8, 9 The Bank Group-wise analysis is presented in Table II. 2. Even though the achievements of technological changes in Banking Industry in India were impressive but there is a need to take greater advantages from new technologies and information based system to maximize the coverage. Pricewaterhouse Coopers report 18 suggested that Banks should take up automation that would be a combination of centralized networks, operations and a Core Banking applications that included Business Intelligence (BI), Business Process Re-engineering (BPR), and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) that catered to operational and analytical business needs. The multi-channel Banking has acquired further dimensions to include third party payments such as utility bills through different channels including Automated Teller Machines and mobile banking. Bank? internal groups examined the issues, relating to rural credit and micro-finance opportunities in the sector with several possible options like smart card-based kisan credit cards, smart card solutions for self-help groups, Automated Teller Machines with local language and voice facility and call-center amenities with added services given by various Banks. Introduction of Kisan Credit Cards (KCCs) for providing credit to farmers had increased in the number a multi-fold since its inception in the late 1990? s and the total percentage share of these cards reached above forty percent 19. 97 Banks had transformed themselves into Universal Banks by adding new channels with lucrative pricing. Recent innovations in the form of total quality management, reengineering work processes, flexible systems have only one thing in common serving the customers well through improved operational efficiency. Consolidation in the Banking Industry followed by technological up-gradation acted as a key factor to boost the international competitiveness of the Indian Bank? s. Adapting technology had brought down the cost of transactions visibly and at the same time aided in business continuity. A Study mentioned that the cost per transaction through a branch was Rs. 66, cost per transaction ; through Automated Teller Machines was Rs. 22, and cost per transaction through internet was Rs. 0, ignoring the extreme variations owing to the investment cost and nature of transactions 20. This low cost benefit was opted by Commercial Banks as it helped them to reach to poor people, particularly those working in the rural areas and those who earn and spend cash. In order to handle their cash transactio ns Banks formulated two types of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). People could either use Automated Teller Machines that could accept, store or dispense cash or they could use a biometric device, which were mobile in nature. Infrastructure in India, has improved resulting into widespread use of Automated Teller Machines facility in villages as well. These machines consisted of additional features that included fingerprint use as a mean of authentication with a view that rural people were more comfortable with fingerprints than plastic cards. 98 The wide geographical coverage to access Banking related products and services with the help of mobile phone technology and the use of internet for banking transactions has gained superior usage. These modes of transactions required a safe and secure environment and provide a variety of options available for customers with different requirements. The numbers of mobile phone subscribers in India were about 261 million (March 2008). Towards this end, Reserve Bank of India issued guidelines for mobile banking transactions. Initially Banks offered the facility to their customers subject to a daily cap of Rs. 5,000 per customer for fund transfer and Rs. 10,000 per customer for transactions involving purchase of goods or services 21. Usage of internet banking in India is mainly dominated, by Private and Foreign Banks. Still, the number of individuals utilizing internet services has increased considerably. In 2006, about 12 percent of the 38. 5 million internet users in India used online banking and the figure for online banking increased to 16 million in 2007-08 22 . The average cost of servicing a customer through internet banking is the tenth of the services extended through a branch. Thus, there is a direct contribution to the profitability for a Bank and therefore, internet banking became a potential low cost alternative 23 . From customer? s viewpoint, internet banking is highly convenient as it help to avoid branch queues and makes customer free from depending on the inconsistent quality of services at the branch, which varied from person to person at the service desk. Internet Banking allowed customers to operate their accounts at their convenient hours instead of being dependent on the Banks working hours. Moreover, internet banking permitted customers to transact on a 24Ãâ€"7 basis from any part of the world. 99 Therefore, internet banking delivery channel has the potential to contribute directly towards the nation? prosperity as it allowed more people to join the Banking stream without adding cost and it is tremendously convenient to customers. Reserve Bank of India started measures to create multi-lingual links on its website for thirteen Indian language s on all matters concerning Banking in June 2007 24. In the recent years, the use of electronic payments has witnessed manifold increase reflecting increased adoption of technology. The electronic payment systems comprised of the large value payment systems like Real Time Gross Settlements (RTGS), National Electronic Funds Transfer (NEFT) and card based payment systems. The growth of volume of transactions directed through electronic payment has decelerated from 41. 4 percent in 2007-08 to 24. 8 percent in 2008-0925. The numbers and usage of Automated Teller Machines had gone up substantially during the last few years. Automated Teller Machines were primarily used for cash withdrawal and balance enquiry. In 2008-09, the total number of Automated Teller Machines installed by the Banks grew by 25. 4 percent. Automated Teller Machines of State Bank of India group registered a sharp growth of 34. 5 percent. While the Automated Teller Machines installed by new Private Sector Banks and Foreign Banks was 3 times of their respective branches 26, 27 . In March 2008, the population per automated teller machines in India was more than 29,500 as against the range of 1,000-9,500 in some of the other emerging market economies 28, 29 . In June 2009, Reserve Bank of India permitted Scheduled Commercial Banks to install off-site Automated Teller Machines at places identified by them, without any need to take permission from the Reserve Bank of India. Cash withdrawal from Automated Teller Machines of the Bank? s was made free of charges, April 2009 onwards. This made Automated Teller Machines more popular among customers. 100 Banks had deployed Information Technology solutions to facilitate automation in transaction management, reporting and risk management. Most of the Banks across the segments had already implemented Core Banking Systems. In the 2007, 85. 6 percent and in the 2008, 93. 7 percent Public Sector Banks were fully computerised 30, 31 . Other rograms such as internet based transactions, self-service kiosks, mobile banking were either underway or planned in near future by Public Sector Banks. Foreign Sector Banks and old and new Private Sector Banks in India, had progressed well in the areas of technology up-gradation i n operations. Technology up-gradation helped to introduce new products and services to enable Banks to improve the quality of service and value added services. Overall, Indian Banks score well with respect to technological adaption and the three key characteristic contributing towards the effective use of information technology in Banking Industry were: ? Factor Cost Advantage- information technology related labour costs in India remained cheaper as compared to other countries; ? Distribution Strategy- Indian Banks adopted a unique business model, acquiring customers rapidly with minimal technological investments; and ? Information Technology Governance- Indian Banks emphasized on information technology governance with the strong in-house Information Technology Division and a Chief Information Officer (CIO) directly reporting to the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) in most cases. 101 It is information that made the Banking Industry stable. The pressure of competition and the need to improve productivity has generated a need for better information. In order to manage Banking operations to meet the needs of managers operating at tactical and strategic level and to improve their quality of decisions and policymaking processes within the Banks. Banks needed to set up an efficient and comprehensive Management Information System (MIS) without which asset and liability management and risk management were not possible. However, adoption of technology by Banks provided them competitive advantage in their operations but at the same time Banks became dependent on outsourcing for most of their technological applications. Therefore, Banks needed to employ caution to put in place mechanisms for vendor management. As an insecure system, could expose Banks towards serious operational regulatory and reputational risks. Banks have taken measures to safeguard the risk factors, emerging due to the use of technology. Towards this end, the Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology (IDRBT) helped Banks to bring in technology and enabled them to work in secured environment while operating Real Time Gross Settlements System, Centralised Fund Management System (CFMS), corporate e-mail, and internet banking. It also acted as a „certifying authority? for the Banking Sector in India by issuing Digital Certificates 32 . Still there exists need to ensure much more accountable systems with regard to online payments with uniform standards all over the world. 102 Social Factors Before nationalization of the Banks, their control was in the hands of the private parties and only big business houses and the effluent sections of the society gained benefits from the Banking in India. Thus, adoption of the social development model in the Banking Sector was necessary for speedy economic progress consistent with social justice in democratic political system. Bankers were directed to help economically weaker sections of the society and to provide needed finance to all the sectors of the economy with flexible and liberal attitude. India? s demography had undergone transition and the demographic trends 1950 – 2050 studied, illustrates that India? s fertility rate is consistently falling from the peak 5. 91 percent in the first decade after independence to 2. 76 percent today and expected to fall further to 1. 85 percent. Even the death rate also likewise showing consistent decline from its peak 25. 5 in 1950-55 to 8. 5 today and to the lowest of 7. 9 in 2020-2025 33 . This ignifies towards steady number of customers for Banking Sector with longer income in the coming years. Indeed, India would be one of the youngest nations with its median age lying between 25 a nd 30 years over the next 15 years (2010 to 2025) 34. This signified that India would enjoy its prevalence of young age population for almost four decades. Thus, India? s demographic transition needed to be exploited by Banking Sectors viewing it as an opportunity. 103 Increase in the per capita income of the working class population of India, enabled individuals to purchase goods, which were far out of their reach earlier. It also encouraged people to buy goods for their personal use and for their family. Today societies have shifted towards nuclear family, resulting into the growing needs for home consumer durables like washing machine, television, bike, car etc. This showed how we as a society have moved from a socialist society to a consumerist society. Understanding these changes and to use them as an opportunity Banks provided various types of loans to farmers, working women, professionals, education loan to the students, housing loans, and consumer loans. Even customers life style, their behaviour, and consumption patterns have changed which acted as an opportunity as well as a threat for Banking Industry. Deposits showed a subdued growth during this decade. In 2008- 09 personal loans by Commercial Banks was 12. percent with respect to 10. 8 in 2007-08 of which housing loan was 11. 6 percent in 2007-08 and 7. 4 percent in 2008-09 35 . This deceleration was observed in housing loans especially due to economy slow down. Literacy rate in India is low as compared to other developed countries. Illiterate people hesitate to transact with Banks. Therefore, this influenced negatively on Banking Industry. Nevertheless, there exists positive side of this as well that illiterate people trust more on Banks to deposit their money as they do not have market information they do not put money in stocks or mutual funds so they look Bank as their sole and safe alternative. For a common man Banks have emerged as the key players to provide variety of products and services like saving accounts, insurance, remittance and other facilities to the under privileged and the poor in rural, semi-urban and urban areas or socially disadvantage as well as the small and medium enterprise sector . 104 On the other hand Banks deal with big clients or big companies which required personalized banking as these customers do not believe in running and waiting in queues for getting their work done . To these customers bankers provided special provisions and at times benefits like individualised hosting to these types of customers. It was brought to the notice of the Reserve Bank of India that visually challenged persons were facing problem in availing Banking facilities. Reserve Bank of India in June 2008 advised all Banks to ensure that all facilities such as cheque book including third party cheques, Automated Teller Machine facilities (at least one third of new Automated Teller Machine installed with Braille key pads and located strategically), net banking, locker, and credit cards to be provided to visually challenged persons without any discrimination 36. Banks related crimes are rising. These crimes included the typical ones such as Bank robbery, false statement to a Bank in order to obtain loan, false entry in a Banks book, Bank bribery, and Bank fraud. The other new types of crimes have also emerged like accessing to the whole or any part of information technology system without rights. These also included manipulation of Banking system, data alteration, or data destruction to make unauthorized identity theft with reference to Automate Teller Machines. Indian police has initiated by opening of special cyber cells across the country and started educating the personal against these crimes. 105 Political Factors Before 1990, the lack of accountability and lack of profit motive in Nationalized Banks was credited to political interference. After the economic reforms of 1991, the Indian Banking Industry entered into the new horizon of competiveness, efficiency, and productivity. Reserve Bank of India? s control system and its monetary policies acted as a major weapon in India? financial market. However, sometimes looking into the political advantage of a particular party, Government declares some measures for their benefits like short-term agricultural loans to attract farmer? s votes affecting the profits of the Banks. Even according to Banking Banana Skins, survey 2010 political interference was considered as the greatest risk for Banking Industry 37. In the Budget provisions, Finance Minister increased the farm credit target for 2009-10 at Rs. 3, 25,000 crore compared to Rs. 2, 87,000 crore in 2008-09. The Union Budget 200910 extended the debt waiver scheme by six more months for farmers owing more than 2 hectare of land. The Union Budget 2008-09 allowed farmers 25 percent rebate on 75 percent of their overdue repayment within the stipulated period 38 . Government also announced setting up of a task force to examine the issues of debt taken by a large number of farmers in some regions of Maharashtra from private moneylenders who were not covered under the loan waiver scheme 39 . With Government bearing this burden, Banks would not be affected much. As Government assured to help, Banks to clear their most stubborn non-performing assets accounts on Banks Book. In addition, the emphasis on expanding network with Automated Teller Machines, opening of Banking centre in unbanked blocks were some of the positive moves taken by Government. 106 Political interference by the leftist political parties claimed that various regulations with respect to Foreign Banks would benefit only those Banks, which intend to make a quick jump by providing high-profile corporate services, instead of those who wish to intensify their rural operations. Left political parties also cautioned that foreign players could increase their holding size in a particular Bank that would lead to an imbalance of power. Banks under the conventional system of recovery of loans had a considerable amount of money blocked in form of unproductive assets. Hence, to beat this difficulty parliament enacted Recovery of Debts to Banks and Financial Institutions Act, 1993 also refereed as Debt Recovery Act. This Act created a separate apparatus in the order of Debt Recovery Tribunals, which were handed over the responsibility of administering disputes pertaining to non-payment of debts. As this legislation was general in nature, another legislature by Parliament was enacted , referred as Securitization Act with an objective to give the Banks, more power over defaulting borrowers 40,41. Unions The post nationalization era in the Banking Industry in India, particularly in the Public Sector, witnessed consolidation of trade unions. All the nine unions had all-India presence in the Banking Industry. Five workers unions and four officers unions represented almost 100 percent of the workforce in the industry and joined hands to form a United Forum of Bank Unions (UFBU). United Forum of Bank Unions comprised of All India Bank Employees Association, (AIBEA), All India Bank Officers Confederation (AIBOC), 107 National Confederation of Bank Employees (NCBE), All India Bank Officers Association (AIBOA), Bank Employees Federation of India (BEFI), Indian National Bank Employees Congress (INBEC), Indian National Bank Officers Congress (INBOC), National Organization of Bank Workers (NOBW) and National Organization of Bank Officers (NOBO) 42. Representatives of unions were encouraged to give suggestions. However, in many cases undue interference of unions in decision-making has adversely affected, leading to the deterioration in discipline, efficiency, and performance effectiveness. With the growing strength of these organizations, the issues relating to employees interests were no longer determined by Bank? s managements alone. The massive introduction of technology into the industry made union policies defensive. Unions focused almost entirely on the immediate consequences of technological change on the workforce, especially the aspect of possible job losses. Employees in Public Sector Banks were repulsive to move from one table to another of the same branch. Now the trade unions seem to be willing to allow mobility for employees within a district as mergers enforced them to move from one state to another. Other issues taken up by unions were like introduction of New Pension scheme and variable pay which were resolved with the help United Forum of Bank Unions. Banks unions are also involved in demanding salary hikes, job losses, disinvestments in Public Sector, and issues related to violation of labour laws, and allocation of funds for schemes for unorganised workers. 108 After attempting, the macro level environmental analysis of Indian Banking Industry a micro functional level Human Resource Environmental Analysis has been attempted with the help of SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats), it would help to further develop strategic viewpoint about the industry (Table II. 4). TABLE II. 4 HR SWOT ANALYSIS WITH RESPECT TO INDIAN BANKING INDUSTRY STRENGTHS ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Educated Manpower Higher Compliance Amongst Employees Experienced Employees Training Infrastructure Availability Safe Working Environment Responsiveness to Needful Change Strong Regulatory Institutional Framework ? ? ? ? ? OPPORTUNITIES Liberalization of Banking Sector Preferred Industry for Employment Availability of Multi-specialist staff Technology for Improved Interpersonal and Communication Skills Workforce Diversity WEAKNESSES ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Limited Technology Skills Repetitive Tasks Structure Inadequate Remuneration for Attracting Talent Lacking Career Growth Path Rigid Recruitment Policies Hierarchal Structure Rigid Wage Negotiation Process Leadership Deficit at Senior Level ? ? ? ? ? ? ? THREATS Movement of Skilled and Quality Staff Difficulty in Hiring Highly Qualified Youngsters Trend Towards Downsizing Changing Workforce Demographics High Staff Cost Overheads Changing Employees Expectations Entrenched Trade Unionism 109 Key Concerns for Indian Banking Industry The macro level analysis of Banking Industry and micro level analysis with respect to Human Resource functions helped to identify the key concerns related to the Banking Industry. Competition in Banking Industry is very high as Banks are fighting for same share of customers. There are many Banks and non-financial institutions which gave rise to intensified competition. Amongst these, there existed relatively no differentiation in services and every Bank tried to copy each other? s services and technology which increased the level of competition. Competition from the non-Banking financial sector is increasing rapidly as there are substitutes like mutual funds, stocks (shares), government securities, debentures, gold, and real estate acting as a high threat of substitutes. The continuous deregulation has made the Banking Market extremely competitive with greater autonomy, operational flexibility, decontrolled interest rate, and liberalized norms for foreign exchange. The deregulation of the industry coupled with decontrol in interest rates had led to the entry of a number of players in the Banking Industry 43. Alliances and takeovers had occurred on a transatlantic basis. The market share for financial services that Banks hold had declined, while securities firms, mutual funds, and finance companies has grown 44 . Banking Sector needs to build up a strong and efficient financial system by emphasizing on risk based management. 110 In Banking Sector, customers have high bargaining power due to the presence of very large number of alternatives. Banks together with the specialized financial companies that provide finance to customers are available. Recently it was observed that depositors had withdrawn funds from Private and Foreign Banks and invested their money with Public Sector Banks as the cost of switching from one Bank to another was low and almost all Banks provided undifferentiated services. Today customer? s have more information and better understanding about the market, Banks have to be more competitive and customer friendly to serve them. To retain customer? s and market share, Banks started contemplating on building strong relationship with customers. United Bank of India created a revolution in Banking Industry by opening up a boutique branch in Pune in November 2007, as its priority was to provide services to the high net worth customers. Thus, United Bank also recognized the needs of high net worth individuals different from the other customers. United Bank organized corporate golf tournament for customers, music concerts, and screening of Mani Ratnam directed film „Guru? 45 . Bank? s top management has started carefully evaluating the impacts for their actions. Recently, before cutting jobs in Private and Foreign Banks, Human Resource managers tried to assess reactions beforehand and they came out with certain proactive steps. Banks persistently worked in the interest of the Society. This chapter focussed on the environment analysis which is, undoubtedly, required for strategy formulation, and at the same is relevant as a backdrop for strategy implementation. For instance, the needful Human Resource Practices have to be continuously evolved and implemented against the ever-changing macro and micro environment of the Banking Organizations. 111 REFERENCES 1. Wei, C. C. (2001) Environmental Scanning as Information Seeking and Organizational Learning, Information Research, 7(1). 2. About us retrieved on 26 December 2010. 3. Goyal, O. P. (1979) Financial Institutions and Economic Growth of India, New Delhi: Light and Life Publishers. 4. About Us retrieved on 26 December 2010. 5. retrieved on 28 December 2010. . Reserve Bank of India (2008) Report on Trend and Progress of Banking in India 2007-08, < www. rbi. org> retrieved on 25 December 2009. 7. Reserve Bank of India (2008) Report on Trend and Progress of Banking in India 2007-08, p. 115. 8. Reserve Bank of Ind ia (2008) ibid (7), p. 114. 9. Reserve Bank of India (2009) Report on Trend and Progress of Banking in India 2008-09, p. 125. 10. Reserve Bank of India (2008) ibid (7). 11. Reserve Bank of India (2009) ibid (9). 12. Reserve Bank of India, (2008) ibid. (7), p. 115. 13. Reserve Bank of India, (2009) ibid. (9), p. 125. 14. Chandrasekhar, C. P. (2005) What is Happening to Indian Banking? Frontline, 22(4): 12 – 25. 15. Reserve Bank of India (2008) ibid. (7), p. 116. 16. Reserve Bank of India (2009) ibid. (9), p. 127. 112 17. Reserve Bank of India (2009) ibid. (9), p. 142. 18. PricewaterhouseCoopers Report (2006) retrieved on 25 December 2009. 19. Raju, S. (2010) Financial Inclusion: Enabling Inclusive Growth. The India Economy Review, 7:42-49. 20. Sekar, G. V. Emerging Trends in Technology Adoption by Indian Banks and IT Governance – A Practical Guide, < http://www. cab. org. in/Lists/ Knowledge% 20Bank/ Attachments/43/Emerging%20Trends. pdf> retrieved on 3 June 2008. 21. Reserve Bank of India (2008) ibid. (7), p. 81. 22. Chandrashekaran, N. (2009) CII Banking Tech Summit, < http://www. financial express. com/news/indian-banks-behind-global-peers-in-technologypwc/438064> retrieved on 24 March 2009. 23. Jayawardhena, C. and Foley, P. (2000) Changes in Banking Sector – The Case of Internet Banking in UK. Journal of Internet Research: Networking and Policy, 10(1):19-30. 24. Rao, R. (2000) Banking @ The Speed of Thought, Business India, October 30November 12: 71-108 25. Reserve Bank of India (2009), ibid. (17). 26. Reserve Bank of India (2009) ibid. (9), p. 141. 27. Reserve Bank of India (2009) ibid. (9), p. 261. 28. Reserve Bank of India (2008) ibid. (7), p. 130. 29.

A Feminist Theory on Hamlet

Her father, older brother Laertes and Polonius also expect her sexual purity to maintain their royal boss's name. When Ophelia's Polonius and Laertes taught how to keep a virgin, they remind her how important it is, to keep her virgin. In fact, her brother and her father wanted to comply with her guidelines and ethical standards, but they think she is not recognized or respected. This explanation is reminiscent of Shakespeare's plays and comedy in many women. Steve Henderson agreed that this kind of negative depiction of Elizabeth women's themes is common to Shakespeare's work Did. Apply Showalter's idea to Bramga's movie version of Hamlet Elaine Shaw Alter to start her paper to start her paper representing Representative Ophelia: Shakespeare's Hamlet analysis which actually ignores Austria The character of Feria of the past to criticize. Feminist critics believe that the Ophelia itself is not Hamlet's foil, but an important person. - Leadership Milton Lost Paradise, in the hot world of Cavendish, as well as Shakespeare's Othello and Hamlet criticism, thinkers who are the most powerful people in the world - they can not only form their own opinions I can advise their best advice, but enough for those people to listen to. When they learn sometimes stubborn, flexibly - they realize the best respected grass snake who is worthy of respect, Mr. Mikayira McAuley of William  · Shakespeare Prezi What is feminist theory? Feminist theory is an extension of feminist theory and philosophical discourse. This is trying to understand the nature of gender inequality. This will examine women's social roles in all areas, experience, interests and feminist politics. In this talk I will feminist the theory of female Ophelia and the role of Gertrude. Ophelia is depicted throughout the script, Ophelia is depicted as a victim of a man character around her. Ophelia Hamlet and Ophelia Hamlet make you believe that she was the reason for his craziness Feminist theory explores inequalit y and gender composition in men and women relations. It is best understood as intellectual property and normative project. Understanding as feminist theory is often understood as a feminist movement in the mid 1970s, despite the main texts of the 19th and 20th centuries symbolizing the early feminist ideas. Feminist theory was originally intended to explain women's oppression worldwide, but after a magnificent theoretical approach similar to Marxism, problems and priorities in this area have undergone several major changes . The two main changes are (1) specialization and backgroundization from universalization to women's experiences, and (2) focusing on the female category, questioning the contents of the category and using gender as a category Conceptualizing and looking at gender-based exploration practices A Feminist Theory on Hamlet Her father, older brother Laertes and Polonius also expect her sexual purity to maintain their royal boss's name. When Ophelia's Polonius and Laertes taught how to keep a virgin, they remind her how important it is, to keep her virgin. In fact, her brother and her father wanted to comply with her guidelines and ethical standards, but they think she is not recognized or respected. This explanation is reminiscent of Shakespeare's plays and comedy in many women. Steve Henderson agreed that this kind of negative depiction of Elizabeth women's themes is common to Shakespeare's work Did. Apply Showalter's idea to Bramga's movie version of Hamlet Elaine Shaw Alter to start her paper to start her paper representing Representative Ophelia: Shakespeare's Hamlet analysis which actually ignores Austria The character of Feria of the past to criticize. Feminist critics believe that the Ophelia itself is not Hamlet's foil, but an important person. - Leadership Milton Lost Paradise, in the hot world of Cavendish, as well as Shakespeare's Othello and Hamlet criticism, thinkers who are the most powerful people in the world - they can not only form their own opinions I can advise their best advice, but enough for those people to listen to. When they learn sometimes stubborn, flexibly - they realize the best respected grass snake who is worthy of respect, Mr. Mikayira McAuley of William  · Shakespeare Prezi What is feminist theory? Feminist theory is an extension of feminist theory and philosophical discourse. This is trying to understand the nature of gender inequality. This will examine women's social roles in all areas, experience, interests and feminist politics. In this talk I will feminist the theory of female Ophelia and the role of Gertrude. Ophelia is depicted throughout the script, Ophelia is depicted as a victim of a man character around her. Ophelia Hamlet and Ophelia Hamlet make you believe that she was the reason for his craziness Feminist theory explores inequalit y and gender composition in men and women relations. It is best understood as intellectual property and normative project. Understanding as feminist theory is often understood as a feminist movement in the mid 1970s, despite the main texts of the 19th and 20th centuries symbolizing the early feminist ideas. Feminist theory was originally intended to explain women's oppression worldwide, but after a magnificent theoretical approach similar to Marxism, problems and priorities in this area have undergone several major changes . The two main changes are (1) specialization and backgroundization from universalization to women's experiences, and (2) focusing on the female category, questioning the contents of the category and using gender as a category Conceptualizing and looking at gender-based exploration practices

Challenges and Strategies for Personal Success Essay

Challenges and Strategies for Personal Success - Essay Example Within my educational realms, the personal and professional goals are deemed as very significant. This is because I have properly understood the dual  role of education and attaining a graduate degree under my belt in the aptest way. I have realized how this will work well with the changing times and how I would be able to cope up with pressure when it is exerted on me. The personal and professional goals might be different but what is important here is a collective vision to set things right within the domains of the graduates who are fulfilling their educational responsibilities. The reasons for pursuing graduate studies lie in the fact that the student understands that if he is a graduate, he would be offered a handsome job and thus his life would be made secure. On the flip side of the coin, the ramifications seem horrendous to state the least – where this individual can face wrath within his future domains and would often be at the mercy of others, which indeed is an un fortunate reality. It is true that a GPA will give a good measure of my talent and the way in which I aspire for education within my university. Thus it is pertinent that a graduate must be motivated enough to have a sound GPA and should not think of anything else other than having a standard GPA at the university, and so would be my case in essence. This indeed is a challenge right from the onset as far as I am concerned – as soon as I enroll within the university. It is a fact that the challenges in the line of attaining top-quality education for a graduate are many and my case is no different. However, what is important for me is the manner in which I acquaint myself with the changing norms and procedures. One such challenge is the way in which I will try to come at par with the studies which are being offered. It is quite possible that I might feel weak within studies or within a subject and on that count; I will feel that I cannot cope up with the same. I might not be ab le to impart the much needed time towards my graduate studies which would lead to more frustration and worries on my part. Another challenge that I might face is to maintain a considerably solid GPA in order to remain ahead of my class fellows as well as to have a solid rapport with the university administration. I need to have a GPA which is a clear representation of my skills, abilities, my educational capacities, talents and so on and so forth. Last challenge that a graduate like me might have within my graduate studies is in the way I need to pay my semester or term fees, which seem to be on the rise every now and then. Since the university authorities do not usually assign a reason before raising the fees, it leaves the students and their guardians high and dries most of the times. The definable steps in achieving short term and long term goals would bank a great deal on how things shape up within my understanding levels of education.

Tips to help a teacher support a child with Asperger's syndrome and Outline

Tips to help a teacher support a child with Asperger's syndrome and social interaction difficulties - Outline Example Idea 1: Constant use of body movements such as gestures and facial expressions like eye gazing as a way of interaction between the teacher and the children. This will encounter the problem of marked impairment to boost interaction (Kumar, 2014). Idea 2: in terms of the arrangement, age factor should be a priority. It should involve arranging the students according to their age sets in the class setup. This ensures that any problem of peer relationship in terms of age inappropriateness is avoided (Montgomery, Stoesz & Mccrimmon, 2013). Black, D, Wallace, G, Sokoloff, J, & Kenworthy, L 2009, Brief Report: IQ Split Predicts Social Symptoms and Communication Abilities in High-Functioning Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders, Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 39, 11, pp. 1613-1619, Kumar, A 2014, Key factors associated with Asperger’s syndrome and implications for effective teaching to enhance student participation and engagement, International Journal of Human Sciences, 11, 2, pp. 484-501, Montgomery, J, Stoesz, B, & Mccrimmon, A 2013, Emotional Intelligence, Theory of Mind, and Executive Functions as Predictors of Social Outcomes in Young Adults with Asperger Syndrome, Focus On Autism & Other Developmental Disabilities, 28, 1, pp. 4-13, Scharfstein, L, Beidel, D, Sims, V, & Finnell, L 2011, Social Skills Deficits and Vocal Characteristics of Children with Social Phobia or Aspergers Disorder: A Comparative Study, Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 39, 6, pp.

Coursework Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Coursework - Assignment Example Financial crises may spread through financial globalization such as the recent global recession caused by the 2007 subprime crisis in the US and 2008 banking crisis in Europe. This paper evaluates whether the process financial globalization has been significantly weakened by the recent global financial crisis that led to the collapse of world trade in a pace that has not been witnessed since the Great Depression in the 1930s. It also investigates if this constitutes a problem for the international financial system and the countries within it. The paper presents some practical suggestions for national and international financial regulators in the light of what has happened to financial globalization over the last five years (Ceballos, Didier and Schmukler, 2012). The process of financial globalization in terms of Foreign Direct Investment, foreign bonds and overseas lending maintained a steady growth since early 1980s from a low of 0.5 trillion USD to a high of 1.8 trillion USD by 2007. However, this trend changed with the occurrence of the recent financial meltdown. With the high global financial linkage, the financial crisis was felt in many economies globally. The foreign capitals flows declined by 60% (Lund & Dobbs, 2013). Economies became more wary of their global financial assets after the global recession. The annual growth in equity market capitalization and purchase of foreign business and government bonds declined by 6% to 1.9% and has been the case in both developed and developing economies globally. Cross-border lending began to decline from a high of 5.6 trillion USD in 2007 to a low of 1.7 trillion USD in 2012. This decline is associated with the selectiveness of banks and narrowing the scope of global operations by banks as a result of fresh investment and regulatory requirements to caution domestic markets against financial risks. Most of the international commercial banks have disposed assets and

Things about me that might surprise people Essay

Things about me that might surprise people - Essay Example Going out with my friends is indeed a pleasure for me so that I try my best to join them in every activity they invite me in. I love shopping with my friends, going to the mall, checking the latest fashion there is in store for us. I also love to watch movies with them which we practically do almost every time we meet. This gives us much time to know each other more as we talk about our favorite movies, actors and other things we enjoy. Spending much time with my friends allowed me to discover that we have so much in common, our likes and dislikes as well as people we would like to meet. People usually see me as outgoing and indefatigable because of this so, I guess they would be surprised to know that I am the extreme opposite of what they see in me. I usually easily get tired so that I sleep a lot to get my energy back. Whenever I get the chance to take a little rest, even a ten minute nap would be much appreciated and often times welcomed. I believe that people are a treasure that I need to keep so I consider myself sentimental in many ways. I value time spent with friends, I keep their gifts in a rather special place which I call my treasure box. In a world where friends come and go, life is fast-paced and yesterday usually seems to be a thing to be forgotten once you are in a day called today, I guess people will be surprised to find a person like me, still exists. I am basically a simple person whose sentiments are more on things that are considered back numbered.

Manegerial Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Manegerial Leadership - Essay Example Managerial and leadership development is becoming an increasingly recognized tenet of sustainable performance improvement in organizations both in the public and private sectors. Managerial leadership development can be discerned as a complicated function of training, evaluation, feedback and strategy that requires meta frameworks to be effective and traceable. Dubai Municipality is a public sector organization in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates. Its job descriptions involve planning and regulating permissions for business, construction and development activities. The Municipality is facing a massive demand for its services and is under pressure to deliver a high standard of services at a volume that satisfies the rising demand. This report will endeavor to discuss a process of implementing a managerial leadership development program for this organization, in order for it to stay in tune with the rising expectations. It is a widely recognized fact that effective managerial leadership programs can help employees become more effective in managing the scarce resources available and aligning them with company objectives, in environments that are becoming tricky to negotiate due to a confluence of factors such as globalization, heightened competition and increased levels of customer demands. Yet it is equally widely recognized, e.g. by Cook (2004) that most leadership development programs operate bereft of tracking and evaluation mechanisms. Nevertheless, evaluating the success of managerial leadership development programs is a very important step in understanding the effectiveness of these programs. Only by introducing an evaluation, monitoring, evaluation and feedback loop will it be possible for us to isolate the positive impact (if any) of specific managerial leadership development programs and to explore ways of improving their effectiveness in meeting the stakeholders' objectives . In the sections below, this paper will dwell on the concepts of strategic planning, evaluating, controlling and improving managerial leadership development interventions at the Dubai Municipality, and how these factors will help the organization to make its services more efficient. Models of management and leadership development: Leadership development is defined as "every form of growth or stage of development in the life cycle that promotes, encourages, and assists the expansion of knowledge and expertise required to optimize one's leadership potential and performance" ( Brungardt, 1996). The literature on management theories is extensive. As organizations realize that their employees may be ill equipped to become leaders in a fast evolving global scenario, organizations by and large are investing in programs to enhance employee managerial and leadership development skills (Collins and Holton, 2004). Moreover, there is evidence that managerial and le

Introductory Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Introductory Ethics - Essay Example Kant cites another example of refusing to help others in pursuit of their projects. This maxim according to Kant easily passes the contradiction in conception test but fails to pass the final test of contradiction in will. According to this maxim it is our duty to help people sometimes but only to a certain extent, not in each and every given situation. Kant further cites the example of a perfect duty in keeping the promises you have made to others but actually have little intention of actually keeping the promise. There is a self-contradiction maxim in this intention of making a promise to achieve some kind of desired purpose, but with no intention of keeping it. The contradiction is in the fact that this maxim cannot become a Universal law, because it would then imply that one has to lie every time, in order to achieve the desired result. A.2. In the "murderer at the door" maxim Kant imagines a number of coincidences that may occur when you reply honestly to the murderer's questions. He states that when the person at the door is answering the questions of the murderer, whether the victim is at home, it is likely that the victim may have secretly left the house and thus will not get in the way of the murderer and as a result the murder might not take place at all.

Terror Threat Assessment in France Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Terror Threat Assessment in France - Essay Example Having colonized Algeria in the 19th century – the country later gained its independence in 1962 – there remained a significant Algerian and Muslim population residing within France’s suburban ghettos (Crumley). During the beginning of the 1990s Islamic Terrorist organizations tapped into this Arab population – roughly 5 million living in France – and established connections between them and Osama Bin Laden in Afghanistan (Crumley). While the Islamic organizations are the predominant terrorist impulses within French society, there remains and a consistent threat from a multitude of groups that have been directly tied to France’s North African empire (Greenway 2009) . The most prominent of these terrorist organizations are the Armed Islamic Group (GIA). They are an Algerian terrorist group that has direct connections to Osama Bin Laden, having participated directly beside him in his anti-Jihad during the war against the Soviet Union. After the war ended they settled in France seeking to enact terror on the French government for their support of the Algerian government (Crumley). One of the major incidents regarding this terrorist organization occurred in 1995 when they planted a bomb in a prominent French location and were successful in killing 8 citizens and wounding an astonishing 150. Other incidents include a series of sporadic car bombings throughout the mid-1990s, and an attempted 1998 bombing at the soccer World Cup (Greenway 2009). When considering the extent to which these terrorist threats remain a common occurrence in France, one has to examine the extent to which the French government has enacted strict laws to prevent any such occurrence. After the mid-1990’s attacks the French developed a sophisticated intelligence network designed to monitor future terrorist activity. Perhaps the most significant occurrence, however, was the French enactment of all-encompassing laws regarding terrorism and those connected to it.

Situational Analysis of Starbucks Essay Example for Free

Situational Analysis of Starbucks Essay We start off with the organizational analysis’s corporate mission, products and services, leadership Organizational Culture, and Strategy. Next we analyze the firms resources by means of tangible intangible resources, capabilities and core competencies. Then we move into the financials analysis which divides into subcategories such as valuation, growth, profitability, financial strength and management efficiency. The final aspect of the internal analysis is the SWOT analysis which clarifies Starbuck’s Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. The final closure of the Strategic Analysis is the recommendations for both internal and external analysis along with a conclusion. 2. 0. 0History The history of Starbucks starts in Seattle in 1971. (George, 2010) Three friends; Jerry Baldwin, Zev Sigel, and Gordon Bowker, who all had a passion for fresh coffee, opened a small shop and began selling fresh-roasted, gourmet, coffee beans and brewing and roasting accessories. (George, 2010) The company did well, but things began to change in the 80’s. (George, 2010) McDonald’s has no issue with the generating locations and hitting targeted demographics. Primarily because, McDonald’s is the oldest business in the food service industry. The most common demographic in the American trends are the tweens to teens segment. Here, the up and coming teenagers, or teenagers dive into a new hangout place in order to gain the â€Å"feel† and â€Å"experience† the coffee industry offers. Starbucks offers an influence in the youth of America into employment roles or simply influential leisure hangouts for teenagers. Adam Smith’s â€Å"The Wealth of Nations† best defined competition amongst the market as Lassiez Faire â€Å"A philosophy or practice characterized by a usually deliberate abstention from direction or interference especially with individual freedom of choice and action. † However, no single firm, or group of firms, must ultimately have complete power over any industry because that firm would have the power to regulate prices of that particular commodity. (Dept. of Labor, 2011) This would be known as a monopoly. Should a firm be in recognition of monopolistic power, they would be violating the Sherman Anti-Trust Act in practicing in unfair business practices. (Dept. of Labor, 2011) One example that led to unfair business practices is known as price fixing. (Dept. of Labor, 2011) Price fixing is defined as an agreement between business competitors selling the same product or service regarding its pricing. (Dept. of Labor, 2011) Other pieces of Government regulation is OSHA (Occupational Safety Health Administration). (Dept. f Labor, 2011) Here these laws are backed by the federal governing body of the United States Department of Labor. (Dept. of Labor, 2011) Simple laws here give the employee factions laws to simply abide by in case of any unfair management practices such as quid-pro-quo. All firms must abide by both means of competition and OSHA’s regulator laws. The only real factor in the government/political segment that affects the industry is the EBIT (Earnings Before Interest i n Taxes), because it defines the net worth after gross income a firm can accumulate in the coffee industry.

Impact of Product Price and Brand Name on Quality Perception Essay Example for Free

Impact of Product Price and Brand Name on Quality Perception Essay In ordinary usage, price is the quantity of payment or compensation given by one party to another in return for goods or services. In modern economies, prices are generally expressed in units of some form of currency (For commodities, they are expressed as currency per unit weight of the commodity, e.g. Tshs per kilogram.) Although prices could be quoted as quantities of other goods or services this sort of barter exchange is rarely seen. Prices are sometimes quoted in terms of vouchers such as trading stamps and air miles. Brand is the name, term, design, symbol, or any other feature that identifies one sellers good or service as distinct from those of other sellers.Initially, Branding was adopted to differentiate one persons cattle from anothers by means of a distinctive symbol burned into the animals skin with a hot iron stamp, and was subsequently used in business, marketing and advertising. A modern example of a brand is Coca Cola which belongs to the Coca-Cola Company. A brand is the most valuable fixed asset of a Corporation. In general, the product is defined as a thing produced by labor or effort In marketing, a product is anything that can be offered to a market that might satisfy a want or need. 2.0 PROBLEM ANALYSIS 3.0 OBJECTIVES 3.1 general objectives name on customer’s quality perception of product To assess the effect of price and brand 3.2 specific objectives * To assess the effect of price on quality perception * To assess the effect of brand name on quality perception HYPOTHESES Null hypotheses * There is negative relationship between price and quality perception * There is negative relationship between brand name and quality perception Alternative hypotheses * There is positive relationship between price and quality perception * There is positive relationship between brand name and quality perception LITERATURE REVIEW The consumer quality perception has been a debatable topic for the past so many years around the world; previously many researchers have studied this topic and found exploratory findings in different contexts. The central purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of product price and brand name on consumer’s quality perception of the product. The marketer must inspect the consumer buying behavior by consumer psychological behavior and social concerns (Shabbir et.al 2012). According to Kurtulus et al. (2005) the influence of consumer psychographics on their tendency to purchase retailer brands, that must be valid and reliable so the consumers are more price conscious and prefer and purchase retailer brands. Most of the consumers need convenience and quality products that strongly motivate them to buy the same product more frequently in the future (Ahuja, Gupta, Raman, 2003). Ahmad, Vays, (2011) found that the pre-decision time of consumer purchasing behavior recognized solid link with the desire purchasing Behavior of the consumers. Product price The product price factor is always been an important factor in customer/consumer buying process in every context. They always examine price and brand name information differently when they are making judgments on the dimensions of quality: ease of use, usefulness, performance, durability, and status (Brucks, Zeithaml Naylor, 2000). The marketing managers have to think broader to have a common on two factors such as capability control and strategic dynamic pricing policies (Moe Fader, 2009). The customer must be facilitated with some packages in products. Bie Chiao (2001) found that the marketing managers should highlight the service quality as well as but also price fairness in total consumer satisfaction program. According to Chang Wildt (1998) the price has its significant influence on perceived quality when it is the only information indicated available. According the study of consumer prefers to have a price and quality rather than technical aspects in durable goods (Chui et al. 2006). Brand name Another benefit of branding , from the customer view point,is its ability to increase purchase confidence and enhance customer loyality (Aaker,1991 ; chaudhuri amp; holbrook ,2001).Brands work by facilitating the the customers buying decesions process.(Doyle,1990).In a competitive market customer face hundred of products and messages competing for attention.the buying decisions are reliant on their past experience and perception about a product and his habitual buying process is associated with brand loyalty

Enzyme Kinetics: Lactate Dehydrogenase

Enzyme Kinetics: Lactate Dehydrogenase Question: What scientific question was this part of the practical designed to address? What is the effect of heat stability on two isoforms of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH1 and LDH5) after pre-incubation (heat inactivation) of the enzyme samples at different temperatures? Approach: Outline and explain the experimental approach that was used to address the question. In order to determine the effect of the heat inactivation on LDH1 and LDH5, a colorimetric assay was carried out using different reaction mixtures prepared with LDH1 and LDH5. 16 test tubes were prepared each with a specific volume of LDH1 or LDH5. The same concentration of substrate solution containing lactate and NAD+ was added into each of the 16 tubes except for two tubes with the blank solution. Each of the enzyme samples were pre-incubated at 37 °Ãƒ Ã‚ ¡, 44 °Ãƒ Ã‚ ¡, 50 °Ãƒ Ã‚ ¡, 54 °Ãƒ Ã‚ ¡, 58 °Ãƒ Ã‚ ¡, 62 °Ãƒ Ã‚ ¡ and 66 °Ãƒ Ã‚ ¡. The reaction mixtures had to be mixed, incubated for 37 °Ãƒ Ã‚ ¡ and allowed to cool. This gives the lactate dehydrogenase enough time to work on the substrates under an optimum temperature. The lactate dehydrogenase catalyzes a reversible reaction by converting lactate and NAD+ to pyruvate, NADH and H+ or from pyruvate to lactate. The overall effect of the enzyme is that it transfers a hydride ion from lactate to NAD+ or from NADH to pyruvate. (Zhadin N et al 2008). The NADH produced in the LDH catalysed reaction has absorption properties (wavelength) that are greater than that of NAD+ which makes it useful for this experiment. When the colour reagent is added to the reaction solutions, NADH was used to form formazon (blue) according to the principle: Lactate + NAD+ → Pyruvate + NADH + H+ NADH + Phenazine methosulphate + H+ → NAD++ Reduced phenazine methosulphate. Reduced phenazine methosulphate + Tetrazolium → Formazan + Phenazine Methosulphate.The extent to which the enzymes have been heat inactivated will be reflected on the intensity of the formazon produced. The formazon was measured at 520nm in the spectrophotometer against the blank solutions for LDH1 and LDH5. The results obtained allowed us to compare how effective the LDH1 and LDH5 is at different pre-incubation temperatures and helps us to study the heat stability of the isoenzymes. Data: In figure 1 the absorbance begins to decline after around 44  °C in both enzyme isoforms. It is evident LDH5 has a higher absorbance than LDH1 at relatively low temperatures, but at 49 °C there is an overlap between the isoenzymes and after this point LDH5 continues to have a lower absorbance reading than LDH1. This shows the enzyme is losing effectiveness at catalysing the conversion reaction at temperatures higher than 44 °C suggesting this may be the enzyme’s optimum temperature at which it is most effective. With LDH1 there is a steady decrease in the enzyme activity of around 20-30% from 44 °C to 58 °C. After 58 °C there is a sharp drop in the effectiveness of the enzyme by around 60%. The decline may be due to the active site of the enzyme being denatured with exposure to the high pre-incubation temperature. The LDH5 begins with an increasing enzyme activity from 37 °C to 44 °C and after 44 °C there is a greater drop in enzyme activity of around 80%. The sharp drop in enzyme activity occurs much quicker in LDH5 than in LDH1 (figure 2), because there is a rapid loss of effectiveness when the temperature is raised above 50 °C. LDH5 also loses function at a lower temperature compared to LDH1; it becomes inefficient at 58 °C, where the curve remains consistent with a very low enzyme activity (0.31-0.62%). In addition, the LDH1 isoform demonstrates half maximal activity at 11.4 °C greater than that of LDH5 illustrating LDH1 is more tolerant to increasing temperatures. The results have shown that LDH5 has low heat stability and becomes inefficient at a lower temperature than LDH1. Discussion/Conclusions: The lactate dehydrogenase is characterised by its isoenzymes that are tetramers. The tetramers are made up of four monomers; H4 (heart) or M4 (muscle). The monomers are formed by a polypeptide chain of amino acids which consists of an active site. When there is lactate and NAD+ present in the solution, the peptide loop in lactate dehydrogenase blocks the access to the binding site after the substrates have bound; this aids the transition state of the reaction. The difference in heat stability between the two isoenzymes in the experiment can be due to the amino acid sequence of M and H subunits. The amino acid composition of M and H subunits consist of the same amino acids, however the difference is that they have varying numbers of each amino acid. LDH1 has a greater composition of valine, aspartic acid and methionine residues in comparison to LDH5 (Goldberg E.1972).The higher the methionine content in LDH1 means there is more sulphur atoms capable of forming strong covalent disulphide bridges, which can be why LDH1 is more heat stable as more energy is required to denature the isozyme compared to LDH5. Heat inactivation of the isoenzymes can affect the protein structure of lactate dehydrogenase. To form the primary structure, the -COOH group of one amino acid combines with the -NH of another to form a peptide bond. Within proteins there are regions that are arranged into alpha helices and beta pleated sheets. The bonds that hold these together are hydrogen bonds between lone pairs of oxygen and a hydrogen atom. The alpha helix is when the polypeptide is in a spiral form allowing more hydrogen bonds to form between the residues. Similarly, the beta pleated sheet consists of polypeptide chains running parallel or anti-parallel to each other. The way the polypeptide chain is arranged allows more hydrogen bonds to be formed. The two secondary structures fold up differently to form a 3D shape. There are various bonds that holds this shape together: ionic interactions between -COOH and -NH2 groups of different amino acids, hydrogen bonds between the side chains, van der Waals forces wher e fluctuating dipole in one of the groups of the amino acid can create a dipole in another which is used to keep the folded structure together, hydrophobic and disulphide bridges. A quaternary structure is formed by interaction of several polypeptide chains/subunits (LDH1 consists of 4 H subunits). In conclusion, the heat inactivation can interfere with the different interactions between the amino acids that make up the protein structures. The heat inactivation has shown to provide enough energy to overcome some of the covalent bonds to denature the enzymes. Since LDH1 is found to have a negative charge it may be associated with many ionic interactions which needs more heat energy is needed to overcome the strong bonds, hence why it takes a greater temperature (66 °Ãƒ Ã‚ ¡) for LDH1 to lose enzyme activity. The strong bonds holding the LDH1 together means the enzyme is not destroyed at 60 °Ãƒ Ã‚ ¡ however LDH5 is destroyed which is evident by its inability to function adequately after 55 °Ãƒ Ã‚ ¡. Experiment 2: Question: What scientific question was this part of the practical designed to address? How to study the kinetic parameter of different LDH isoenzymes by finding the Vmax and Km values for LDH1 and LDH5. Approach: Outline and explain the experimental approach that was used to address the question. To study the kinetic parameters of different LDH isoenzymes, the experimental procedure and principles where exactly the same when the reaction mixtures were prepared before. However, the LDH isoenzymes were added to different concentrations of substrate solutions and the temperature was constant. A coloured complex is formed using the mechanism in the previous experiment which produces blue formazon. The absorbance of the formazon was measured using the spectrophotometer; the absorbance measured indicates the enzyme activity. The results from this experiment will help to understand the effect of varying substrate concentration has on the enzyme activity and compare this between the two isoenzymes. To determine the Vmax and Km values more accurately the Lineweaver-Burk-plot is used. Data: Table of results for LDH1 and LDH5 LDH1: LDH5: y = 6.2734x + 0.9242 y = 27.641x + 0.1673 Table of results for Vmax and Km in both isoenzymes. Discussion/Conclusions: As the substrate concentration is increased, the formation of the product will also rise but there is a point at which increasing the substrate concentration any further will become a limiting factor. The concentration at which this occurs is greater than 80mM which may decrease the enzyme activity in both LDH1 and LDH5. Since Km and Vmax is greater in LDH5 indicating the affinity of LDH5 for its substrate is much lower so a greater substrate concentration is needed to reach Vmax. The high Vmax for LDH5 means the saturated lactate dehydrogenase is converting more of the substrates into its products at high substrate concentrations. As a result LDH1 will be a more ideal isoenzyme than LDH5. In this experiment we observed the catalysis of lactate dehydrogenase from lactate to pyruvate. The pyruvate produced has the ability to enter the mitochondria, where pyruvate dehydrogenase links the glycolysis metabolic reaction to the citric acid cycle. In a process of pyruvate decarboxylation, the pyruvate is converted into acetyl-CoA, which releases energy by converting NAD+ to NADH and H+. Pyruvate has the potential to either enter the mitochondria to become acetyl-CoA or become lactate. The Cori cycle is involved in the conversion of lactate to pyruvate. When lactate is produced in the muscle, it is released into the bloodstream and transported to the liver. In the liver the lactate is first converted to pyruvate by lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate is converted to glucose through gluconeogeneis. Lactate dehydrogenase becomes activated when there is a high concentration of its substrates, NAD+ and lactate. For instance when the skeletal muscle containing LDH5 have high demands for energy this means the large production of NADH and pyruvate from high substrate levels will not be metabolised by pyruvate dehydrogenase. The LDH5 (M form) is more specialised to convert pyruvate to lactate and ideal for anaerobic activities. Whereas the LDH1 form is more favourable for the conversion of lactate to pyruvate, LDH1 is predominantly found in the heart where there is an aerobic environment. This means despite increasing the substrate concentration, the LDH5 may not become as efficient in converting lactate to pyruvate as LDH1. The results reflect this as LDH1 has a generally greater enzyme activity with an increasing substrate solution compared to LDH5 (see table of results). In conclusion, the results obtained from the analysis of data on excel may not be highly accurate since most of the values have been rounded and it does not take into account any possible practical or human errors. Based on the charge of the two isoenzymes, a gel electrophoresis could have been done to calculate Vmax and Km. Bibliography: Goldberg E. (1972) Amino acid composition and properties of crystalline lactate dehydrogenase X from mouse testes. J. Biol. Chem. 247(7) pp 2046. Zhadin N, Gulotta M and Callender R. (2008) Probing the Role of Dynamics in Hydride Transfer Catalyzed by Lactate Dehydrogenase. Biophysical Journal. 95(4), pp 1975.

The Motivation of Lester in Child of God :: Child

The Motivation of Lester in Child of God  Ã‚   In the novel, Child of God. Lester Ballard committed heinous crimes against innocent victims. He murdered people in cold-blooded fashion and raped women when they were dead. What makes a human being do this may tell us a lot about criminals and humans themselves. In this paper I will try and analyze some of the core issues that lie at the heart of this story. Why did Ballard do what he did, to what extent is he responsible and what should have been his punishment. From birth, Lester Ballard seemed to have been cursed with misfortune. His mother had run away from home when he was an infant and his father hung himself when he was about nine or ten years old. Lester actually had to see his father hanging from the ceiling. That would leave a permanent scar on any child, including Ballard, as the author notes, "They say he never was right after his daddy killed hisself." (21) From then on, Ballard seems to have gone where life took him. What he suffered from was a total lack of awareness. Ballard was a well before he understood what that word meant and he never learned the concept in his entire life. He did not know what things meant, did not even know what happened. Every signal he got from the outside community was telling him that he did not belong there, that he was not accepted. Even when Ballard enters a church service, a setting where people are accepted and loved, he was rejected for who he was. People spoke about him in whispers, "A windy ruffle of whispers went among them." (31). His community, through rejection victimized Ballard. Rejection may well be the most potent form of victimization since it cuts off the air to out most cherished need of connection and love. Connecting Ballard's background and childhood to his crimes is a difficult task. Other than his parents, we are not told too much about what else he went through when he was a child. From the bizarre nature of his crimes, he seems to have to have been through intense suffering and agony. A lot of his crimes were committed against women. He raped women, but only after killing them. A living woman might have been too much for Ballard to handle; the risk of rejection would have been too great for him.

Jamaica’s Slave Population and Reggae Music :: essays papers

Jamaica’s Slave Population and Reggae Music Rape. Murder. Incest. Serial killers. Civil wars. Atomic bombs. Concentration Camps. Internment Camps. Prisoner of war. Capital punishment. Domestic abuse. Hate crimes. Natural disasters. Poverty. Suicides. Corruption. All of these things are awful problems that our world has encountered. But one very important problem is not listed. That problem is slavery. Slavery was, and is, one of the worst things our world has ever had to face and deal with, yet it is not talked about like rape and murder are. We avoid talking about slavery, why? We do not want to admit that it existed, that we made a huge mistake? People are in denial? I am not quite such why slavery has not been talked about more or why more people do not know more about slavery. I believe it is time to change that. I chose to write my reggae paper on how Jamaican slavery influenced, and is reflected in, reggae music. I decided to research this topic because I find it intriguing. Slavery, in my mind, is the most awful existence a person can experience. I do not think I will ever be able to fully comprehend how one human being could treat a fellow human being with such disregard. Every country has had some interaction with slavery, whether in the past or present. It is unbelievable that few people truly understand how prevalent and awful slavery was and still is. My paper will guide you through the history of Jamaican slavery, while inserting popular reggae music which I feel exemplifies the point I am trying to make: the history or Jamaica has affected reggae music. My paper describes the Transatlantic Journey, British rule in Jamaica, and what happened to the Jamaican people once they were emancipated. I feel that the lyrics I have chosen to incorporate into my paper are prime examples of how such popular reggae artists, such as Bob Marley and Burning Spear, were influenced by the oppression of their people. How Could Something As Awful As Slavery Have Begun†¦ Before I conducted my research, I was troubled over the fact that something as awful as slavery could be justified and executed. I could not comprehend how something of this magnitude could ever be carried out. It was a race destroying itself. I came to understand that slavery, just like every other awful thing that goes on in this world, was concealed as something else.

Language and Identity in Richard Wright’s Black Boy :: Richard Wright’s Black Boy

Language and Identity in Richard Wright’s Black Boy Richard Wright portrays the many aspects of social acceptance and the use of language as a key to identity throughout the novel. He brings the pages to life by using sufficient elements to enhance his writing. Through these displays of rhetorical techniques, the appeal to the reader is dramatically increased which results in a more personal and overall significant meaning to the book Black Boy. The claim of social acceptance is especially evident throughout chapter ten. For example, ?I had no association with them; the religious home in which I lived, my mush-lard gravy poverty had cut me off from the normal processes of the lives of black boys my own age?. (219) The strongest tool used in this passage is that of point of view. Delivering such depth in his own personal emotion, Wright is able to more effectively present evidence. This appeal demonstrates emotional ethos, a technique to capture and somewhat influence readers? opinions. In addition, ?My throat grew tight with anger. I wanted to rush into the room and demand an explanation, but I held still.?(219) His style of writing has an effect so captivating with emotion and with great detailed imagery; it adds dramatic effect to the storyline. Wright?s clever tactics of using personal experience as evidence gives him a unique credibility based on emotion instead of the typical factual driven emphasis. The influence of language as a key to identity is present in the passage on page 229. Wright?s abundant use of derogatory terms which describe him in dialogue supports his diction and tone. Wright uses such degrading profanity as a way to qualify and support his justifications of racial inequality. The white man?s cruel interpretations include that of: ?nigger, bastard, and sonofabitch.? Using such drastic and explicit words to describe black men convey Wright?s claim of fact. This develops a strong thesis and creates motivated assumptions. A strong use of repetition is present which also reinforces the attitudes of the white man.

Compare the ways in which Wordsworth presents London in Upon Westminster Bridge with Blakes view of London in his poem London

London, the best place you could ever dream of or the worst nightmare? London in 1700's was a different city, they didn't have cars instead of that they had horses, there was less pollution and fewer roads. People used to wear more formal clothes. In this piece of coursework I am going to compare ‘London' by William Blake and ‘Upon com/in-westminster-abbey-analysis/">Westminster Bridge' by William Wordsworth. William Wordsworth used to live on countryside, he only seen the positive side of London as William Blake lived in London and saw the realistic world. Blake only has seen the negative side of London. When you are looking from the bridge you can have a good overview and the bad side about looking from the bridge is that you can't see the details because you are distances. Wordsworth visit London in the morning and in most of the country's in the morning everything is quiet because the city is asleep. Wordsworth had a sad life because when he was around 8 years his mother died, and when he was 13 his father died, when he visited London that could be a runaway from problems that he might have and be able to forget about the sad moments. He also might feel that he is not overruled by somebody else, he could feel free. Both of the poems are about London but both of them got different background. Blake see the negative side when he written ‘Blasts the new-born Infant's tear' by this quote we can tell that every one live with a fear. Every child that was born must have a bad life because in those times they mum's might been a prostitute because if a women needs money she was able to sell herself because she wasn't able to find a better job. The poor people weren't able to be educated. Poor people in their times would be always poor. As Wordsworth seen only the good side of London but he never lived there so how could he rate London when he visits it only once? ‘The beauty of the morning: silent, bare, ships, towers, domes, theatres and temples' by this quote we can see that he had written the poem in the morning when everybody is about to wake up. He tells the way as he sees it or imagines it, he is not realistic. The word ‘tear' could also be a tear of happiness as well as of sadness. William Blake was a person that strongly was interest in religions. In the first stanza he repeats himself twice, once by using â€Å"charter'd†. This shows that he is talking about the characters of people; he saw this as robbing ordinary people of their right and freedoms. The second repetition he used was the word â€Å"marks†. This has a double meaning one of them could be that the physical damages that are being made and leaving marks in everybody minds and they can't forget about it. The other meaning could be that he is collecting evidences as he walks around. Blake's poem is full of negative words that he used in every stanza such as â€Å"blood†, â€Å"weakness†, â€Å"cry† and many more. The poem ends with words â€Å"marriage hearse† for everyone marriage is such a great thing but he compared it to funerals. This might shows that he prefers to be lonely. William Wordsworth used his imagination when he was writing the poem as well as being on the bridge and seeing the realistic world. He written something that cant happens in realistic world, â€Å"The beauty of the morning† â€Å"like a garment†, the city cannot be wearing clothes, but it's already clothed itself by nature. Wordsworth used list to describe the things he was seeing. He doesn't only show positive language in line 1, 9 and 11 he used negative language. Most of the lines contain positive language words like â€Å"bright†, â€Å"glittering†, â€Å"splendour† and â€Å"glideth† create a magical world that is being like it fake and unrealistic. The poem is written as a sonnet which doesn't just show love but it shows the poets love for London. The average number of syllables in each line is 10. William uses this because it suggests that he doesn't want anything to change in London. The poem is very peaceful and calm. Evidence for this is ‘never did sun more beautifully steep'. This shows that London was a beautiful place, very calm, and a lot of country side might not have many buildings around. William Wordsworth writes about what he can see in the morning when he stands on Westminster Bridge. ‘The beauty of the morning' is evidence for this. It is written in the 3rd person and is also in the present tense. This shows that it was happening as he was writing the poem. This also helps the reader to visualise what is happening and to understand the poem more. The sestet is about how the poet feels. Evidence for this is ‘Ne'er saw I, never felt, calm so deep'. It is in the 1st person and is partially in the past tense, he shows positive language. Blake's format of the poem is like lyrics of a song. There are four stanzas, all of them shows different aspect of the city. Every single stanza talks about something else. His poem is like snapshots of loads of different scenes. In my opinion both of the poetess have right to give their own opinion, like every human being. William Blake showed the bad side of London and Wordsworth the good side, both of them has right to show the differences every person got different views for certain things. Blake was showing the negative things to show what makes him angry as Wordsworth has made his poem calm and enjoyable for everyone.

Marketing Qantas

The report discuss all the crucial information on Qantas Airways Limited required for business and competitor intelligence needs and contain a study of the major internal and external factors affecting Qantas Airways in the form of SWOT and PESTEL analysis as well as a breakdown . And examination of leading product revenue streams of Qantas Airways. Data is supplemented with details on Qantas Airways history, key executives and business description, location and subsidiaries as well as a list of products, services and the latest available statements from Qantas Airways Limited.To undertake the report, primary/qualitative (Qantas Web site) and secondary/quantitative (Internet journals, reports and news) data was collected. The oil market is going through dramatic shifts in regional demand and supply balances. In 2012 the influence of OPEC and strong demand from the Brazilian, Russian, Indian, and Chinese (BRIC) economies prevented a decline in price (IATA, 2014, p. 12). This can be se en as a major factor affecting Qantas International’s profitability. With socio political factors in Middle East and North Africa may have low potential impact on the growth of aviation business.Aviation Industry’s growth was always linked to technology. New developments in this front are gathering pace and will continue to influence future dynamics of the industry. New trends in aircraft technology will continue to influence the delivery. Aviation Industry continues to make progress in the area of environmental protection where new aircraft models are designed to cut back emissions and to improve efficiency. On the legal front, industry continues to achieve harmonized legal framework for aviation industry. 2. Qantas International –Important Macro environmental factors2.  1 Crude Oil PricesAviation fuel process follows trends in crude oil prices. One of the most important macroeconomic factors affecting Qantas International Operations and profitability will be fuel prices. Looking at the latest financial statements (Fig 2) it is obvious that fuel contributes to the expenses in a large scale. Thus any changes in fuel prices are going to affect the bottom-line. As mentioned in the PEST Analysis in the previous section, crude oil prices maintained position preventing a decline in fuel oil prices. Source: Qantas Group Annual Report 2013Fig. 2 2.2Technology Technology will be one of the important macroeconomic factors which will be driving Qantas International’s transformation. Qantas group will continue its investments in new aircraft technology, customer experience technology, training, customer service etc. Emerging technologies like New Distribution capabilities (NDC) are going to transform customer shopping experience. Technology will continue to impact following areas of the business†¢Aircraft Design ( Fuel efficient designs, reduced carbon footprint)†¢Customer Experience †¢Ground Handling†¢Customer shopping e xperience Marketing Qantas The report discuss all the crucial information on Qantas Airways Limited required for business and competitor intelligence needs and contain a study of the major internal and external factors affecting Qantas Airways in the form of SWOT and PESTEL analysis as well as a breakdown . And examination of leading product revenue streams of Qantas Airways. Data is supplemented with details on Qantas Airways history, key executives and business description, location and subsidiaries as well as a list of products, services and the latest available statements from Qantas Airways Limited. To undertake the report, primary/qualitative (Qantas Web site) and secondary/quantitative (Internet journals, reports and news) data was collected. The oil market is going through dramatic shifts in regional demand and supply balances. In 2012 the influence of OPEC and strong demand from the Brazilian, Russian, Indian, and Chinese (BRIC) economies prevented a decline in price (IATA, 2014, p. 12). This can be s een as a major factor affecting Qantas International’s profitability. With socio political factors in Middle East and North Africa may have low potential impact on the growth of aviation business. Aviation Industry’s growth was always linked to technology.New developments in this front are gathering pace and will continue to influence future dynamics of the industry. New trends in aircraft technology will continue to influence the delivery. Aviation Industry continues to make progress in the area of environmental protection where new aircraft models are designed to cut back emissions and to improve efficiency. On the legal front, industry continues to achieve harmonized legal framework for aviation industry.2.Qantas International –Important Macro environmental factors2.1 Crude Oil PricesAviation fuel process follows trends in crude oil prices. One of the most important macroeconomic factors affecting Qantas International Operations and profitability will be fuel prices. Looking at the latest financial statements (Fig 2) it is obvious that fuel contributes to the expenses in a large scale. Thus any changes in fuel prices are going to affect the bottom-line. As mentioned in the PEST Analysis in the previous section, crude oil prices maintained position preventing a decline in fuel oil  prices.Source: Qantas Group Annual Report 2013Technology will be one of the important macroeconomic factors which will be driving Qantas International’s transformation. Qantas group will continue its investments in new aircraft technology, customer experience technology, training, customer service etc. Emerging technologies like New Distribution capabilities (NDC) are going to transform customer shopping experience. Technology will continue to impact following areas of the business†¢Aircraft Design ( Fuel efficient designs, reduced carbon footprint) †¢Customer Experience †¢Ground Handling †¢Customer shopping experience